Construction of buildings, dwelling houses, and similar structures



June 22 9 21192260 Q. D. BURNEY CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, DWELLING HOUSES AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 10, 1925 @EEQQQQQ @QEQDEQQ I June 22 ,1926. 1,589,938

C. D. BURNEY CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGS, DWELLING HOUSES, AND SIMILAR STRUCTURES Filed July 10, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I Eli patented dune Lin Application filed 1th, use,

This invention rela es to buildings, dwelling houses and sinflar structures, the object being to cheaper. the construction and enpedite the en ion. thereof.

According to the present invention a huilding, dwelling house or other structure is produced hy manutacturi the componeot in the for t co-operatbone 0; urge tions in corral; sections a! "y be o t such ruined wit or without suitable methods of producing erial being described in my copending patent applications Ser. llos. 40, 397, ,29'8 and 50,"?Zd9, as the use of this materi it permits large units to be manufactured which comparatively light in proportion to their size which,

and with can, therefore, be conveniently handled.

hen using a material which can be cast, pressed or moulded, various moulds are provided the shape or configuration of each mould corresponding to, and being adapted for the production of, one type or pattern oi; (re-operating unit; or pellets, side plates, formers or the like may be associated wit'i a standard moulding box; the medium which sets as a solid, is located, cast or poured therein, and the units, alter the medium sets or partly sets, are removed from the moulds, and utter, if desired, being subjected to suhsequent or finishing treatment, they are assernhled or secured together in the predetermined positions allocated to them, and for which they have been adapted, thus producing the complete house, building, structure or part thereof The units or sections for the production of the outer or inner walls will usually be oi? he same height as one of the doors of the building or dwelling house, and ot a width suitable for the convenient handling, transportation and erection thereof, the requisite openings, protuberances or recesses for the r, or trite nous is, hurt ,t r e '1 c me, and

J may 2r, rate.

production or formation of doors, windows, fireplaces, dues, cupboards, stairs, picture rails, gutters, pipes, etc, being formed in, or constructed integral with, different units, or they may he produced by assembling two more units each provided with cooperating parts. The floor sections, cases where they are also constructed from units, may be oi suilficient width Jo er from one room wall or partition to tli. posite wall or cartition, at th end or: each floor secti connecting means, such upstanding bosses, may be provided which fit into grooves or recesses in the v sec tions, or the converse arrangement be employed...

Each roof un or section may be adap ed to extend from the ridge to the caves, and gutter sections may be formed a thereof as a recess at the o or accommodating other units which ser e to maintain at the ridge or apex ot the root, watertight joint between the abutting ends of the units.

The roof sections may be treated in any desired manner so as to imitate tiles or slates and the outer wall sections may also be inished oil to represent stone or brickwork.

shaped to give the desired effect or the sec tions may be treated while still in a plastic condition with the same object in view. The outer walls may also be rough cast, or the plastic material may be cast onto wooden beams located at the base of the moulds so as to give a timber effect.

The units or sections may be provided at their edges with grooves, recesses or protuberances, so that they interengage with one another when assembled. They may also be cemented together by a suitable medium and/or secured together by mechanical devices; for example, by means of rods which are inserted through openings so as to conple continguous units together. llhe units may be painted, lined, covered or otherwise treated before transportation to the site of erection or after erection. The walls, etc., may also be attached together by providin recesses in the contiguous sections adapted to be filled up with a plastic medium such as cement, the grooves, where provided, being preferably dovetailed or undercut so as to assist in securing the units together. Any metal, wooden or other fittings required at difierent parts of the buil ing may he till too

lid

formed or attached to the units during or after manufacture. For example, metal window frames may be located within the moulds which are adapted to produce wall sections having window openings and the plastic material cast around the frames so that when the section has set the wlndow frames are secured in position.

Certain units may be hollow for example, the inner walls may be formed integral with the outer walls or be adapted to be attached thereto in such manner as to leave an air space between the same. Alternative ly, the outer walls may be provided with projections to which inner wall sections or layers of covering material may be secured in any desired manner thus forming the aforesaid air spaces. Sound deadening materials may be located between the inner and outer walls, partition walls, etc., and projecting metal or other strips may be provided to prevent damp or rain penetratlng between the seams of abutting units, especially where corners are formed.

In order to centralize as far as possible the requisite labour required in producing the. various units, the different units according to the place, purpose or function which they are adapted to fulfil when erected in their proper position in the building or structure are preferably manufactured and completed as far as possible in a central unit constructing factory and thereafter transported to the site where the house or other structure is to be erected, and, as they are of standardized design and as each unit has a definite position assigned to it in the assembly of the component parts, the mass production of the units and their erection can be carried on expeditiously and with unskilled labour. The foundations of the house or building may be constructed in any suitable manner and the building units assembled in place thereon, or located within or secured to a low foundation wall, the units, or the foundation wall, being provided if desired with metal connections embedded therein for attaching the parts together and securing the wall and other sections thereto.

Practically every part of the building or dwelling house, including walls, windows, doors, floors, roofs, party walls, partitions, stairs, flues, chimneys gutters, etc., can thus be produced in factories and transported to the building site for assembly, so that the present method has the advantage that individual units, or the entire set of 00- operating units which, when assembled, produce a structure of standardized design, can be constructed in factories situated e'ther adjacent to, or remote from, the site where the buildings and dwelling houses are to be erected and where labour is cheap or specialized for mass production and materials accessible, the units after being wholly or partly finished being thereafter transported to the desired site to be assembled in position.

In order that the said invention may be clearly understood and readily carried into effect the same will now be described more fully With reference to the accompanying drawings which show by way of example only, various typical units constructed and assembled according to the present invention and in which Figure 1 is a sectional plan view and,

Figure 2 an elevation of a bungalow of standardized design and unit construction the units being constructed and assembled according to the present invention.

Figure 3 i a perspectiveview of an ordinary wall section adapted for use either as an outer wall section or an inner party wall section.

Figure 4 is a perspective view showing the method of connecting the floor sections to contiguous wall sections on the ground and first floors respectively.

Figure 5 is an enlarged view showing one method which may be employed for bolting together contiguous sections.

Figure 6 is a perspective view showing a portion of a foundation wall associated with make-up pieces forming a damp course and also illustrating one method of bolting together the said foundation wall and makeup pieces to the ground floor member; the lower portion of a wall member being located above the ground floor member.

Figure 7 is a sectional View showing two contiguous wall sections bolted together. In this view the inner lining is also shewn but in connection with the other standard sec tions the lining material for the various hollow sections has been omitted.

Figure 8 is an elevation and,

Figure 9 is an end view of a two-storied building constructed according to the present invention.

Throughout the drawings A, A indicates wall sections of standardized design and of the height of one story. B, B are window sections. C, C are door sections. E, E are partition wall sections. F, F are floor sections, G, G are fire place sections, and H, H are standard chimney tops.

These sections are typical of the method employed and have merely been selected to show by way of example, the principle of construction involved and it will be understood that the roof sections I, I as also the gable sections, gutter sections, waste pipe sections, staircases J, etc., are also of stand ardized design. K (Figure 6) shows part of one of the solid foundation pieces. L is part of a make-up piece forming a damp course.

F (Figures 6 and 8) shows one of the floor sections in a position where it is ready to be connected to the make-up piece L (Figure 6) or to the wall sections A, A (Figure 4). In Figure 18 the lower portion of a wall section is also shown ready to be attached to the floor section F. M, M (Figure 1) are standard corner pieces which are also of the height of the one floor or slightly larger, and N, N are intermediate junction pieces.

Each section is provided at its edges or ends with bosses a and recesses (1 adapted to engage within corresponding bosses and recesses in contiguous or abutt ng sections. Bolts a and bolt holes a are provided at suitable points in the various sections to allow the same to be bolted together, the bolts in certain cases being embedded in the sections and projection therefrom as shown at Figure 4-. As shown in Fig. 4, the wall sections A are formed at their ends with a plurality of channels a, a. The floor sections are provided with corresponding recesses and projections, and in the assembling of the building structure the several units are so combined that the projections and recesses intermesh with each other and form an interlocking joint each with the other. By providing a plurality of channels, as shown, the wall section A also forms a binding means on abutting floor sections by reason of the fact that each channel of the wall section overlies and intermeshes with a corresponding projection on each of two floor sections. Similarly, when the wall section forms the exterior wall of the building structure, the channels intermeslr with an interlock the facing strip or make-up piece L, as shown in Figs. 4 and 6. The sections may also be secured together by cement, mortar or the like, and/or a weathertight lining material may be used as shown at a.

Each standard hollow section comprises an outer portion a to which a separate in nor lining a* is attached, each section having vertical and transverse ribs a and a formed integral with the difierent sections. The ribs a may be provided with openings to accommodate electric leads, gas or water pipes, etc., or the electric leads, pipes, etc., may be located in place during manufacture ready to be coupled up to ad acent sections during erection. The inner lining a9", may

be partially or completely finished so far as internal mouldings, ornamentations, etc., are concerned. In the one story dwelling house shown at Figures 20 and 21 the same principle of construct-ion is involved, but in this case the ends of the floor sections are of the form shown at Figure 8 so as to accommodate the upper and lowerwall, window and door sections, the material a which forms the ceiling being attached to the floor sections F, F.

It will thus be seen that a dwelling house or the like of standardized design can be constructed merely by bringing together individual units, one unit forming a standard wall section, a second containing a Window, a third a door, another being a floor section,

and so on. Also that by varying the relative positions of the different units a very large number of arrangements, designs and shapes can be produced. As the various units are provided with ridges and projections which look or dovetail into adjacent sections, they form a structure which as a whole is rigid and durable.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is A building structure comprising walls consisting of building-units of concrete admixed with fibrous material, whereby the units are rendered light in weight in proportion to their size and capable of being readily handled, said units having a series of ribs on one face thereof and interlocking projections on the top surface and one end surface thereof, and corresponding complementary recesses in the bottom surface and the other end surface thereof, the unit being of a length sufficient to extend vertically the height of one story, a floor disposed upon said wall comprising slabs some of which have end portions substantially half the thickness of the wall units and having projections upon their upper surface and recesses in their lower surfaces, said projections and recesses on the floor portions being of substantially the same size as the similar projections and recesses on the wall units, whereby the floor may be interlocked with the said wall.

CHARLES DENNISTON BUBNEY. 

